2022年6月(第一套) 阅读
第1题
第2题
第3题
从方框中选出正确选项填入文章中,每空3.55分,共10个空。
选词填空

*点击下划线处选择选项,点击检查按钮可检查是否正确,详细解析在下方

        You might think of your teeth as tools, like built-in knives and forks, but if they are mere tools, why do they feel pain and wouldn’t it be better if they could just (26) 点击选择  under any condition? In spite of our (27) 点击选择  discomfort, it turns out there’s a good reason our teeth are so sensitive. Tooth pain is a (28) 点击选择  mechanism that ensures when a tooth is being damaged we’ll notice and do something about it.

        If we eat something too hot or too cold, or if the tooth is worn down enough where the tissue (29) 点击选择  is exposed, all of those things cause pain, and then the pain causes the person not to use that tooth to try to protect it a little bit more. So it’s really a protective mechanism more than anything else. If teeth didn’t feel pain, we might (30) 点击选择  to use them in situations that damage them, and for humans, damaging (31) 点击选择 teeth is a problem because, unlike crocodiles, we can’t (32) 点击选择  them.

         Teeth have three layers, only one of which—the innermost layer of the tooth—can hurt, as that layer of the tooth (33) 点击选择  both blood vessels and nerves. Pain is the only feeling to which the nerves in that layer respond. Whereas people with tooth sensitivity may complain, for example, of tooth pain (34) 点击选择 by heat or cold, the nerves in the inner layer don’t sense temperature. Rather, they feel pain, which may be (35) 点击选择 with, say, drinking something very cold.

检查已选项

名词

adult  成年人;成年动物

chew  咀嚼

defense  防御;保护

mammal  哺乳动物

swallow  吞咽;燕子

underneath 下面;底部


动词 

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

chew  咀嚼;嚼碎

contains (-s)  包含;含有

continue  持续;继续

implies (-s)  暗示;暗指

replace  更换;取代

swallow  吞下;咽下

triggered (-ed)  引起;触发


形容词

adult  成年的;发育成熟的

associated  有关联的;相关的

dental  牙齿的;牙科的

downward  下降的;向下的

emotional  情感的;情绪的


副词

downward  朝下地

underneath  在下面;在底下


介词

underneath  在……下面


26. chew

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在部分为if引导的条件状语从句,从句中谓语成分不完整,空格前为could,因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句的意思为:如果它们在任何情况下都能____,根据前文可知本句中的“它们”指的是“牙齿”,在动词备选项中,能与牙齿在意思上搭配构成合理语义的只有chew,表示“如果牙齿在任何情况下都能咀嚼”,符合题意,故空格处应填入chew。

27. dental

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为our,空格后为discomfort,因此空格处应填入名词或形容词,修饰discomfort。空格所在句的意思为:尽管我们的____不舒服,但事实证明我们的牙齿如此敏感是有充分原因的。根据后面所说的牙齿敏感可知,这里说的应该是牙齿的不舒服。备选项中,只有dental(牙齿的)填入空格符合句义,故空格处应填入dental。

28. defense

解析:名词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a,空格后为名词system,因此空格处为定语,用来修饰system,所以空格处应填入名词或形容词。空格所在句的意思为:牙痛是一种____机制,结合后面提到的“可确保当牙齿受损时,我们会注意到并采取行动”可知,这是一种防护性机制。在备选项中,只有defense填入空格符合上下文语义,表示“防御机制”,故空格处应填入defense。

29.  underneath

解析:副词辨析题。空格所在句为where引导的地点状语从句,从句主干成分完整,空格前为tissue,空格后为is exposed,因此空格处应填入分词或副词对tissue进行说明。空格所在句的意思为:牙齿磨损到____组织暴露在外面,备选项中,只有underneath填入空格符合句义,表示“牙齿磨损到下方的组织外露”,故空格处应填入underneath。

30. E) continue 

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整,空格前为might,空格后为不定式结构to use,因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句的意思为:如果牙齿感觉不到疼痛,我们可能会在牙齿受损的情况下____使用它们。动词备选项中只有continue能与to use搭配构成合理语义,表示“继续使用”,故为正确答案。

31. adult

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为damaging,空格后为teeth,因此空格处应填入名词或形容词,修饰teeth。空格所在句的意思为:对人类来说,____牙损坏是一个问题,因为我们不像鳄鱼,无法……。根据句意可知,这里是说牙齿的性质,即损坏了就无法再生,也就是我们的恒牙,备选项中只有adult填入空格符合句义,表示“发育成熟的牙齿”,即恒牙,故为正确答案。

32. replace

解析:动词辨析题。空格前为can’t,空格后为them,因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句的意思为:因为我们与鳄鱼不同,无法____它们。根据上一句可知,“它们”指的是“牙齿”,在动词备选项中,只有replace填入空格符合句义,表示“换牙”,故空格处应填入replace。

33. contains

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在部分为as引导的原因状语从句,从句中缺少谓语,因此空格处应填入动词。空格所在句意为:牙齿有三层,只有其中一层——牙齿最内层——会疼,因为牙齿的这一层____血管和神经。根据常识可知,有血管和神经才能感觉到疼痛,故空格处应填入与“含有”意思相关的词,动词备选项中只有contains代入空格能构成合理语义,故为正确答案。

34. triggered

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在部分为complain of的宾语成分,空格前为tooth pain,空格后面为by heat or cold,因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词,用来说明tooth pain的相关情况。空格所在句意为:尽管牙齿敏感的人可能会抱怨,例如,由热或冷____牙痛。根据第二段开头可知吃冷的或热的食物会导致疼痛(cause pain),因此空格处应填入与“导致”意思相关的词,动词备选项中只有triggered填入空格符合语义,表示“由热或冷引发的牙痛”,故空格处应填入triggered。

35.  associated

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在部分为which引导的非限制性定语从句,从句谓语成分不完整,空格前为may be,空格后为with,因此空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式。空格所在句意为:它们感受到的是疼痛,这可能____喝了过冷的东西。由前文可知,“它们”指的是牙齿内层的神经,由此推测,感到疼痛可能是因为喝了过冷的东西,动词备选项中的只有associated填入空格符合语义,be associated with为固定搭配,表示“与……相关”,符合题意,故associated为正确答案。

将段落与句子正确匹配,每题7.1分,共10题。
快速阅读

*题目在下方,选择选项后自动出答案

        How to determine if a company is a good fit for you

【A】On paper, the job seemed perfect for me: The position was completely in line with my degree, the duties and responsibilities were compatible with my interests, and the office maintained a well-stocked kitchen that would satisfy my every snack desire.

【B】Sounds like my dream job, right? There was only one small problem: I simply didn’t get along with the company culture. They favored a more rigid, closed-door, corporate atmosphere, while I would have preferred something more collaborative and open. They were complete clock watchers, while I would have liked a more flexible schedule. To put it plainly, we just weren’t on the same page.

【C】When it comes to looking for a new job, you already know that a big part of the interview process involves the company evaluating whether or not you’re a good fit for their open role. But, it’s important to keep in mind that the employer isn’t the only one who needs to identify a good match—you should be looking for that same exact thing. Company culture can have a big impact on how you feel about your work, so you want to make sure you sign an offer letter with an organization you’re truly excited about.

【D】However, figuring out what a company is like before you actually work there can be a bit of a challenge. Luckily, there are a few things you can do to determine whether or not a company is a good fit for you—before you ever sign your name on that dotted line.

【E】First of all, know what you want. It’s hard to make any decisions when you don’t really know what you’re looking for. So before you can determine whether you and a specific company would be compatible together, it’s important to have a solid handle on what exactly you want from your employer. Many of us have an easier time identifying the things that we absolutely don’t want. If those are the only things you can think of, don’t worry! That’s still a good place to start.

【F】Start by writing down the things you didn’t like about previous employers, as well as the parts you really valued. There’s no wrong answer here—so from big things to small details, write them all down on your list. This will help you immediately identify what you’re looking for in an organization, as well as the things you’re trying to stay far, far away from.

【G】Make sure to do your research. Now comes the part when you put on your detective hat and do a little digging. The Internet will be your best friend when you’re trying to familiarize yourself with a company’s culture before ever walking through their office doors. And where exactly should you look for these culture clues? Start with the most obvious place first: the company’s website. Read through their copy and blog. Do they use formal, direct language? Or is it casual, conversational, and maybe even a little humorous? This can be a big indicator of what sort of atmosphere the company is trying to cultivate.

【H】Next, turn your attention toward their social media outlets. Are they sharing photos of their team’s Thursday afternoon barbeque or Halloween costume contest? Or are their social media accounts strictly reserved for company-related announcements and product launches?

【I】An industry review website like Glassdoor is another spot to check in order to find some insider information about what you can expect about a company. However, remember to take the reviews you read with a grain of salt—many of them are written by scorned (被鄙视的) employees.

【J】Finally, you can never fail with personal connections. Send a quick message to a current or previous company employee on LinkedIn or by email and ask if they would be willing to have a quick conversation with you about the organization in general. If you get a yes to your request for a chat, you’ll be armed with some pretty powerful and helpful information heading into your interview!

【K】Learn more by asking questions. You know that part at the end of a job interview when the hiring manager asks if you have any questions, and you just stare across the table blankly with your mouth hanging open? That’s the perfect opportunity to speak up and get your burning company culture questions answered! So yes, you can definitely ask your interviewer about what it’s like to work for that particular organization. Simple questions like, “What three words would you use to describe the culture here?” or “What’s your favorite part about working for this company?” can reveal a lot about what it’s really like behind closed doors.

【L】Prioritize your values. What does my dream company culture look like? Well, I could come and go as I please, as long as I was getting the work done. My boss would genuinely listen to and value all of my ideas and suggestions. My co-workers would all be friendly with one another, without ever falling into the office gossip trap. The kitchen would have endless options of pizza and cookies. Oh, and they’d give me two months of paid vacation with a very generous salary.

【M】What are my chances of finding all of those things with one employer? Slim to none—believe me, I’ve looked. This is why it’s so important to know which aspects of a company’s culture you value most. Is it an open communication style or a flexible schedule? Focus on the top spots on your priority list, and ensure a potential employer at least checks those boxes. Unfortunately, this is reality, you can’t have everything you want but a few are certainly achievable.

【N】When you’re hunting for a new job, you already know that the employer is trying to decide whether or not you’re a good fit for the position. But you should also look at the process through a similar lens. You may not be the one conducting the actual interview, but you’re still trying to determine whether or not company is a good fit for you.

【O】Keep these tips in mind to figure out whether you and a potential employer are a perfect match or just a recipe (方案) for disaster. After all, it’s a good thing to know before actually accepting an offer.

36. Clues about the culture of a company can be found on its website.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

37. It can be difficult to know the real situation in a company until you become part of it.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

38. It is impossible for a job applicant to have every expectation met.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

39. Simply by reading its description, the author found the job offered ideal.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

40. Job applicants are advised to make a written list of their likes and dislikes in their previous employment.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

41. At the end of an interview, a job applicant should seize the opportunity to get answers to their urgent questions.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

42. To begin with, job applicants should be clear what they expect from their future employer.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

43. Job applicants should read with a critical eye what is written about a company on the website.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

44. Job satisfaction has a lot to do with company culture.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O

45. A chat with an insider of a company can give job applicants very useful information when they prepare for an interview.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
从四个选项中选出正确答案,每题14.2分,共10题。
仔细阅读

*题目在下方,选择选项后自动出答案

        Online classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago. They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace—it is far more compatible for people with busy schedules.

        But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester, I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.

         First of all, students lack the desire to learn, and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.

        As online courses tend to have more than 100 students, most of the assignments are short and simple. They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.

         Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students. Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work. The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well. Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal. It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with their professor.

        There is also little interaction amongst students. It can be harder for students to create study groups and form relationships with their peers.

        Online classes also requite either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection. Not all students have access to these types of resources, whether it is for financial or other reasons, and some students can be put at a disadvantage.

        Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions. However, they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking. We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.

46. What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes?

A

They can access course materials easily.

B

They are unmotivated to learn.

C

They can learn at their own pace.

D

They rarely fulfil the course requirements.

47. What does the author think of online course assignments?

A

They are made convenient to mark.

B

They are meant to facilitate interaction.

C

They are based on easily accessible material.

D

They are given to accommodate students’ needs.

48. What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes?

A

They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.

B

They make professors’ offices much less accessible.

C

They tend to increase professors’ burden of responding to students’ emails.

D

They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.

49. What problem may arise if classes go online?

A

More students may find it easy to be absent from them.

B

Teachers will worry about poor internet connections.

C

Some students may have difficulty attending them.

D

Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage.

50. What does the author think constitutes a key part of genuine education?

A

Acquisition of useful knowledge.

B

Training of real-life skills on campus.

C

Development of students’ personalities.

D

Cultivation of analytical thinking ability.

仔细阅读

*题目在下方,选择选项后自动出答案

        In the age of the internet, there’s no such thing as a private debate. But is that bad for science? Some scientists have had concerns. When debates in any sector move beyond the halls of universities and government agencies, there’s potential for information to be used incorrectly, leading to public confusion; yet, open debate can also promote communication between the scientific community and the public. Recent open debates on scientific research, health, and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices. If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems—and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly—then this is good for everyone, including scientists.

        A recent debate published in “The New York Times” discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced. Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered. But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.

       The anxiety seems misplaced. Gone are the days of going to a conference and debating scientific issues, and that’s good because those gatherings were not diverse enough and excluded many important voices. These days, the public can access debates about science regardless of where they take place.

        For many scientists, public debate is a new frontier and it may feel like a place with few restraints or rules, but rather than avoiding such conversations, let the debates be transparent and vigorous, wherever they are held. If the public is to understand that science is an honorably self-correcting process, the idea that science is a fixed set of facts in a textbook needs to be dismissed. With the validity of science coming under attack, there’s a need for scientific debates to be perceived as open and true to life. Let everyone see the noisy, messy deliberations that advance science and lead to decisions that benefit us all.

51. What does the author think open debate can do?

A

Help the public to better understand science.

B

Clear up confusion in the scientific community.

C

Settle disputes between universities and government agencies.

D

Prevent information from being used incorrectly by the public.

52. Why did a recent debate published in “The New York Times” arouse concerns among experts?

A

It might hinder the progress in medical research.

B

It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.

C

It might add to the difficulty of getting research funds.

D

It might prevent medical scientists reaching consensus.

53. Why does the author say some experts’ anxiety seems misplaced?

A

Debating scientific issues at a conference is now old-fashioned.

B

Diverse topics can be debated by both scientists and the public.

C

Debates about science are accessible to the public anyway.

D

Scientists can voice their opinions whatever way they like.

54. What does the author suggest scientists do about public debate?

A

Have more discussions about it.

B

Embrace it with open arms.

C

Formulate new rules for it.

D

Restrain it to a rational degree.

55. What does the author say about science in the last paragraph?

A

It is transmitted through textbooks.

B

It is what proves valid and true to life.

C

It is a dynamic and self-improving process.

D

It is a collection of facts and established rules.

第1题
第2题
第3题