令人困惑的not…until…

  

  

有网友问:until 一般跟 not 连用,表示“直…………”。请问 not until 必须用在一起吗?这个有时很难掌握,怎样理解 until 更好?  

until 表示时间,既是介词,又是连词,意思是“……为止;在……之前”,说明动作持续的时间。有人总是把 not until 放在一起说事,认为它们原本是一个固定的句型,其实并非如此。很多情况下,until 前面是不用 not 的,例如:  

They worked until late into the night. 他们一直工作到深夜。  

She lived here until 2010. 她住在这儿一直到2010年。  

谓语动词具有延续概念时,可以用否定,也可以不用否定,但意思有差别。例如:  

We waited for him until ten o’clock last night. 我们昨晚一直等他到10点。  

We didn’t wait for him until ten o’clock last night. 我们昨晚没有等到他10点。  

只有表示瞬间概念的动词如arrive, leave, finish, stop, get off等表示“动作一旦发生就结束”,跟until连用才加not。请记住:一般情况下,把until当作before来理解就行,也不管动词是延续还是非延续,也不管句中有没有not。例如:  

Please stay here until they come back. 在他们回来之前,请你一直呆在这儿。  

We waited until the ambulance arrived. 我们一直等到救护车来。  

Don't get off the bus until it stops. 在车停下来之前不要下车。(意味着:一直到车停下才可下车。)  

It didn’t stop raining until the end of last month. 在上月底之前,雨从未停止。(意味着:直到上月底雨才停下来。)  

关于not…until…的倒装句和强调句:  

【原句】I did not realize my mistake until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me. 直到他们跟我推心置腹的交谈,我才意识到自己的错误。  

【倒装句】Not until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me did I realize my mistake.    

【强调句】It wasn’t until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me that I realized my mistake.    

注意,until只能用于谈论时间。谈论地点或位置时应用as far as up to  

Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village.(那么你会坐我们的车一直坐到那个村庄。)  

We walked up to the red flag on top of the mountain.(我们一直走到山顶上红旗所在的地方)。