美国当代英语语料库(COCA)标签总汇

 

下面是使用美国当代英语语料库(COCA)的标签总汇,对于使用美国当代英语语料库(COCA)非常有帮助。(注:关于美国当代英语语料库(COCA)的使用方法见:/Article/201111/2703.html

UCREL  CLAWS7 Tagset

APPGE  possessive pronoun, pre-nominal (e.g. my, your, our)

AT  article (e.g. the, no)

AT1  singular article (e.g. a, an, every)

BCL  before-clause marker (e.g. in order (that), in order (to))

CC  coordinating conjunction (e.g. and, or)

CCB  adversative coordinating conjunction ( but)

CS  subordinating conjunction (e.g. if, because, unless, so, for)

CSA  as (as conjunction)

CSN  than (as conjunction)

CST  that (as conjunction)

CSW  whether (as conjunction)

DA  after-determiner or post-determiner capable of pronominal function (e.g. such, former, same)

DA1  singular after-determiner (e.g. little, much)

DA2  plural after-determiner (e.g. few, several, many)

DAR  comparative after-determiner (e.g. more, less, fewer)

DAT  superlative after-determiner (e.g. most, least, fewest)

DB  before determiner or pre-determiner capable of pronominal function (all, half)

DB2  plural before-determiner ( both)

DD  determiner (capable of pronominal function) (e.g any, some)

DD1  singular determiner (e.g. this, that, another)

DD2  plural determiner ( these, those)

DDQ  wh-determiner (which, what)

DDQGE  wh-determiner, genitive (whose)

DDQV  wh-ever determiner, (whichever, whatever)

EX  existential there

FO  formula

FU  unclassified word

FW  foreign word

GE  germanic genitive marker - ( ors)

IF  for (as preposition)

II  general preposition

IO  of (as preposition)

IW  with, without (as prepositions)

JJ  general adjective

JJR  general comparative adjective (e.g. older, better, stronger)

JJT  general superlative adjective (e.g. oldest, best, strongest)

JK  catenative adjective (able in be able to, willing in be willing to)

MC  cardinal number, neutral for number (two, three..)

MC1  singular cardinal number (one)

MC2  plural cardinal number (e.g. sixes, sevens)

MCGE  genitive cardinal number, neutral for number (twos, 100s)

MCMC  hyphenated number (40-50, 1770-1827)

MD  ordinal number (e.g. first, second, next, last)

MF  fraction, neutral for number (e.g. quarters, two-thirds)

 

ND1  singular noun of direction (e.g. north, southeast)

NN  common noun, neutral for number (e.g. sheep, cod, headquarters)

NN1  singular common noun (e.g. book, girl)

NN2  plural common noun (e.g. books, girls)

NNA  following noun of title (e.g. M.A.)

NNB  preceding noun of title (e.g. Mr., Prof.)

NNL1  singular locative noun (e.g. Island, Street)

NNL2  plural locative noun (e.g. Islands, Streets)

NNO  numeral noun, neutral for number (e.g. dozen, hundred)

NNO2  numeral noun, plural (e.g. hundreds, thousands)

NNT1  temporal noun, singular (e.g. day, week, year)

NNT2  temporal noun, plural (e.g. days, weeks, years)

NNU  unit of measurement, neutral for number (e.g. in, cc)

NNU1  singular unit of measurement (e.g. inch, centimetre)

NNU2  plural unit of measurement (e.g. ins., feet)

NP  proper noun, neutral for number (e.g. IBM, Andes)

NP1  singular proper noun (e.g. London, Jane, Frederick)

NP2  plural proper noun (e.g. Browns, Reagans, Koreas)

NPD1  singular weekday noun (e.g. Sunday)

NPD2  plural weekday noun (e.g. Sundays)

NPM1  singular month noun (e.g. October)

NPM2  plural month noun (e.g. Octobers)

PN  indefinite pronoun, neutral for number (none)

PN1  indefinite pronoun, singular (e.g. anyone, everything, nobody, one)

PNQO  objective wh-pronoun (whom)

PNQS  subjective wh-pronoun (who)

PNQV  wh-ever pronoun (whoever)

PNX1  reflexive indefinite pronoun (oneself)

PPGE  nominal possessive personal pronoun (e.g. mine, yours)

PPH1  3rd person sing. neuter personal pronoun (it)

PPHO1  3rd person sing. objective personal pronoun (him, her)

PPHO2  3rd person plural objective personal pronoun (them)

PPHS1  3rd person sing. subjective personal pronoun (he, she)

PPHS2  3rd person plural subjective personal pronoun (they)

PPIO1  1st person sing. objective personal pronoun (me)

PPIO2  1st person plural objective personal pronoun (us)

PPIS1  1st person sing. subjective personal pronoun (I)

PPIS2  1st person plural subjective personal pronoun (we)

PPX1  singular reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. yourself, itself)

PPX2  plural reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. yourselves, themselves)

PPY  2nd person personal pronoun (you)

 

RA  adverb, after nominal head (e.g. else, galore)

REX  adverb introducing appositional constructions (namely, e.g.)

RG  degree adverb (very, so, too)

RGQ  wh- degree adverb (how)

RGQV  wh-ever degree adverb (however)

RGR  comparative degree adverb (more, less)

RGT  superlative degree adverb (most, least)

RL  locative adverb (e.g. alongside, forward)

RP  prep. adverb, particle (e.g about, in)

RPK  prep. adv., catenative (about in be about to)

RR  general adverb

RRQ  wh- general adverb (where, when, why, how)

RRQV  wh-ever general adverb (wherever, whenever)

RRR  comparative general adverb (e.g. better, longer)

RRT  superlative general adverb (e.g. best, longest)

RT  quasi-nominal adverb of time (e.g. now, tomorrow)

TO  infinitive marker (to)

UH  interjection (e.g. oh, yes, um)

VB0  be, base form (finite i.e. imperative, subjunctive)

VBDR  were

VBDZ  was

VBG  being

VBI  be, infinitive (To be or not... It will be ..)

VBM  am

VBN  been

VBR  are

VBZ  is

 

VD0  do, base form (finite)

VDD  did

VDG  doing

VDI  do, infinitive (I may do... To do...)

VDN  done

VDZ  does

VH0  have, base form (finite)

VHD  had (past tense)

VHG  having

VHI  have, infinitive

VHN  had (past participle)

VHZ  has

VM  modal auxiliary (can, will, would, etc.)

VMK  modal catenative (ought, used)

 

VV0  base form of lexical verb (e.g. give, work)

VVD  past tense of lexical verb (e.g. gave, worked)

VVG  -ing participle of lexical verb (e.g. giving, working)

VVGK  -ing participle catenative (going in be going to)

VVI  infinitive (e.g. to give... It will work...)

VVN  past participle of lexical verb (e.g. given, worked)

VVNK  past participle catenative (e.g. bound in be bound to)

VVZ  -s form of lexical verb (e.g. gives, works)

XX  not, nt

ZZ1  singular letter of the alphabet (e.g. A,b)

ZZ2  plural letter of the alphabet (e.g. As, bs)

NOTE: "DITTO TAGS"

Any of the tags listed above may in theory be modified by the addition of a pair of numbers to it: eg. DD21, DD22 This signifies that the tag occurs as part of a sequence of similar tags, representing a sequence of words which for grammatical purposes are treated as a single unit. For example the expression in terms of is treated as a single preposition, receiving the tags:

in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33

The first of the two digits indicates the number of words / tags in the sequence, and the second digit the position of each word within that sequence.

Such ditto tags are not included in the lexicon, but are assigned automatically by a program called IDIOMTAG which looks for a range of multi-word sequences included in the idiomlist. The following sample entries from the idiomlist show that syntactic ambiguity is taken into account, and also that, depending on the context, ditto tags may or may not be required for a particular word sequence:

at_RR21 length_RR22

a_DD21/RR21 lot_DD22/RR22

in_CS21/II that_CS22/DD1