究竟用One还是 the one？

请先看一道试题：　　　　

①August 8th, 2008 is a special day, ________, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese forever. 　　

A. one B. what C. which D. the one　　

所给答案为A。　　

通过网上查询，可知该试题较早出自安徽省安庆市2009届高三第三次质量检查(英语) 第23题，接着被江苏省启东中学2011届高三考前辅导最后一练试卷(英语)引入第21题：　　

②August 8th, 2008 is a special day, ________, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese forever. 　　

A. one B. what C. which D. the one　　

答案为A。　　

最近被费波、张伟主编的《高考英语语法应试技巧》(安徽科学技术出版社 2013年2月第1版)当作经典例题来讲解：高考英语语法书中的应试技巧突出一个“巧”字。试举一例：　　

③August 8th, 2008 is a special day, I think, ____ that will be remembered by the Chinese forever. 　　　　

A. it B. that C. one D. the one 　　　　

一般教辅书答案解析如下：　　

C 句意：　2008年8月8 　日是一个特殊的日子，我想，每一个中国人都将永远记住这一天。One 作a special day的同位语。本书答案解析如下：绝大多数的高考英语语法教辅资料都是把这个句子翻译成汉语，然后说这道题选甚甚甚。费老想说两点：1. 仅仅是把句子翻译出来，如何知道这四个选项之间的区别？那么答案又是从何而来？所以说翻译是做不出来题目的！2. 很多教辅资料只说选甚甚甚，不说为什么，所以同学们只知其然而不知其所以然！这样的教辅资料必然导致学生死记硬背！　　

请看费老伟大的代词公式：a book = one; 根据这个公式：a special day = one，所以答案选C。同学们见过这样的公式吗？这种方法完全避免了翻译和冗长的解释，一针见血，一目了然，一锤定音！　　

无独有偶，江苏盱眙中学的　张春开　老师在华中师范大学主办的《中学生英语》高三版 2011年第11期P6上更是“将此类题型固化为一种结构：‘先行词，+one+定语从句’。one是先行词的同位语，表示强调。高考考查的就是这个表泛指，替代a/an+单数名词的one”。　　　　

　张　老师提及的“高考考查的就是这个表泛指，替代a/an+单数名词的one”最早出现在2002年全国高考英语试题第35题：　　

④ Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____I will always treasure. 　　

A. that　 B. one C. it D. what 　　

答案为B。　　

此外还有，2010年山东省高考题英语试题第32题：　　

⑤ Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age. 　　

A. it B. that C. what D. one　　

答案为D。　　

从以上可以看出，这些试题的编织者一致认为句①-⑤都应该one，根据one替代“a/an+单数名词的”，句③（以句③为例）完全可以转化为：August 8th, 2008 is a special day, a day, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese forever. 　　

笔者注：　赵振才　教授在其编著的《初高中英语考点难点详解词典》(黑龙江人民出版社 2003年6月第2次印刷)P658指出：one替代的是带不定冠词的名词，并不是指在它前面出现的名词一定带有不定冠词，而是指它本身所在的位置上所替代的那个名词一定是带不定冠词的名词(无定的名词)。　　

然而，笔者认为句③也可以用the one，即August 8th, 2008 is a special day, the day, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese forever.

从表面上看句③是该用one还是该用the one的为题，实际上是用不定冠词还是用定冠词的问题。　　　　

根据　赵振才　教授在其编著的《初高中英语考点难点详解词典》(黑龙江人民出版社 2003年6月第2次印刷) p6上所说：“首先应当明确，冠词所反映的，并不是事物和现象之间的关系，而是交际双方对事物或现象之间的关系，即谈话者认为名词或名词短语所表达的事物或现象对于听者来说是已知的(有定的)，还是未知的(无定的)。冠词的前一种用法，叫做定指，后一种用法，叫做不定指。换言之，使用定冠词或不定冠词并不是以说话者为出发点，而是以听话者为出发点。假如说话人认为听者能够与他共同确认某个事物或现象的具体所指，他就使用定冠词，而不管该名词有无限制定语。假如说话人以为听者尚不知道他所提到的事物或现象的具体所指或者认为听者对他所提到个的事物尚不熟悉，他就使用不定冠词。”　　　　　

可知，句③之所以用one (即用不定冠词)是因为试题的编制者认为“说话人以为听者尚不知道他所提到的事物或现象的具体所指或者认为听者对他所提到个的事物尚不熟悉”，也即是 Randolph Quirk等在《英语语法大全》(翻译本)(华东师范大学出版社 1989年9月第1版) p369上所说得“a/anＸ用于根据说话者和听话者的共有知识不能统一确认Ｘ所指事物的场合。所以a/an通常用于所指事物在前面未曾提及并假定说话者或听话者对它还不熟悉的时候”，具体来说，就是“a day, I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese forever”在前面未曾提及，说话者认定听话者对它还不熟悉。　　　　

笔者要说的是仅从句③来说，并没有足够的语境充分证明“所指事物在前面未曾提及并假定说话者或听话者对它还不熟悉”，因此，用one (即用不定冠词)是正确的，但是用the one (即用定冠词)也不能绝对判断为是错误的。例如，刘国善在《英语句法新编》(对外贸易教育出版社 1992年1 月第1 版)p68就有这样一个例句：　　

Sing us a song, that that was sung by you and your daughter, when I last passed. 给我们唱个歌吧，就唱上次我经过时，你和你女儿唱得那个歌。　　　　

代替“指示代词that+关系代词that”，更常用的是the one that / which, 或是that which: the one that was sung…；that which was sung…(笔者注：本句之所以用the one (即用定冠词)，就是因为 “说话人认为听者能够与他共同确认某个事物或现象的具体所指”)　　　　

请看根据语境只能用one (即用不定冠词)的例证：　　　　

1. He was a strict but good captain, one who, unusually, took good care of the sailors on his ship. 　　　

本句摘自C. Jacques 刘道义主编《英语》第三册上(Senior English for China Students’ Book 　3A　人民教育出版社 1997年5 月第3次印刷)P9，根据上下文完全可以断定“one who, unusually, took good care of the sailors on his ship”“所指事物在前面未曾提及并假定说话者或听话者对它还不熟悉”。　　　　

2. It is a very colourful event, one that has become an institution for celebrating the King or Queen’s birthday since 1805.　　　　

本句摘自《牛津高中英语》(Advance with English) (译林出版社 2011年6月第10次印刷)P41，也有足够的语境证明“one that has become an institution for celebrating the King or Queen’s birthday since 　1805”　“所指事物在前面未曾提及并假定说话者或听话者对它还不熟悉”。　　　　

可见，把自身具有逻辑规律的语言简单地公式化，并以此为“金科玉律”来指导学生学习英语，是极其有害的，因为这样会给他们造成误会，以为在这种场合只能用one (即用不定冠词)。岂不知语言中所谓的“公式”哪能像数学上的公式一样都是放之四海而皆准的！尤其是学习英语，切记There is no law that has not exceptions.

请看，在足够的语境下，用the one (即用定冠词)例证(笔者注：由于篇幅原因，省去了大量的语境。由于一般工具书很难查询，只好借助于英美国家的语料库。)：　　　　

1. The CORPUS OF CONTEMPORAY AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2012) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/ ：　　　　

1991 Over the years she had extended vague invitations to him to come to 　　Los Angeles　　 to visit, never sure what she would do with him if he said yes and showed up, but Nathan Bloom had always declined. Now he was ailing and not long for this world, and the illness had dictated that he move back into a convalescent home, the one toward which her taxi now moved through the bright, sunny Miami Beach day. 　　　　

1992 She laughed a sweet laugh, the one that always meant I'd pulled her out of it for now 　　　　

1992 He knows JENNINGS Brit, I - I should probably know this, but are you in the hotel which the president regards as his residence? HUME: I'm not. I'm in a - in a different hotel, the one that's being used for the - what has been hoped for, a victory celebration tonight.　　　　

1992 Politicians are often accused of trying to be all things to all people. Some of the successful ones are that and, in his acceptance speech, Governor Clinton appeared to say that. Let me ask you about a particular line, the one in which he said he was for more empowerment and less entitlement. 　　　　

1992 Jay McInerney (Author): I think "Bonfire" is a great book, but mainly what -- what we share here is a -- is a turf -- 　　Manhattan　　 in the' 80s. Neary: Mm-hmm. McInerney: It's -- essentially I'm writing about a different generation, the one that I started writing about in 1984 with my first book, long before "Bonfire" came out. 　　　　

993 That night I dreamed about Cecilia. It was a dream I hadn't had in a long time, the one where she comes and sits down on the edge of the bed. "How you doing, Son?" "Okay, I guess. Good, really. This is our house now. We moved. You look good. "She was wearing a dark green dress, one I'd never seen before. 　　　　

1994 There was a common thread, the one that Hillary was so adamant about back in September in the Oldsmobile. 　　　　

1994 This is the place I watch these children from as I run on a circular path, the one all the husbands and ex-husbands run on in the mornings when the snakes have receded. They tell me their running makes them more aggressive at work. But for me, it is a way of celebrating, of knowing I am more powerful than others. 　　　　

1994 Right away the Lord of the Mountain sent a larger mosquito, the one we call ja in Tzeltal, and it went flying off in search of the boy. When it found him it started stinging him all over, until its little stomach was full, and then it returned to the Jtatik Anjel, who immediately set out for the place where the poor boy lay. 　　　　

1994 But then there came a different sound, the one he'd hoped never to hear, the one every sailor hoped never to hear: from the low side, down to port and inside the decks beneath him, there came a gentle wash of sound, like a distant river, an easy and calming sound. 　　　　

1995 The past five years have been very difficult for us because we moved to a bigger house, the one you saw in the film, and I thought that would help, have some more space, help Krista feel good about herself, but it really hasn't. 　　

1995 He did say, though, that with the announcement of the war, the fight for independence intensified and when that fight was finally won, 　　Pakistan　　 was born. "You didn't see the war, then," she said, and it took a moment before my grandfather realized that my mother was no longer talking of World War II but a different war, the one that saw the migration of ten million people across freshly drawn borders, the one my grandfather thought of simply as Partition. 　　　　

　1995 In　 a perfect world, the one that an artist envisions when she creates art from personal wounds, "Double Happiness" would have shaken her father up and convinced him to forgive his children while he still has time. 　　　　

1995 She starts in, but he grabs her hand. And into it he puts something he has taken from his pocket; it is wrapped in flannel. He hops on his horse, glances at her, and gallops away. She stands in the open doorway; she looks down at what he left her. She unwraps the flannel; it is a dried thistle, the one she gave him years before. 　　　　

1996 Recently I summoned the courage to spend an entire night alone in a different house, the one my cousin, sister and I moved to. 　　　　

1996 　　ARNOLD　　 COLE: Right, that's correct. Sen. JOSEPH BIDEN: Now, there's a third way though you can do it. You have a drop-dead date. You can say,' OK, everybody who has' - I'm making this up -' a blue-colored pass, a hard pass, the one that gets you in now, everybody who has one of those passes has to turn it in on December 1, or June 17th, or a date certain, and if you don't come to us and turn it in, show it to us, for us to issue you a new one, you're going to be presumed to not have clearance anymore to get in the White House. 　　　　

1997 CHRIS BURY: (voice-over) For now, the Clinton administration seems content to wait Saddam out, even if the delay gives Iraqis time to hide or destroy more critical evidence. PRES. WILLIAM J. CLINTON: Look, this is a frustrating policy, the one we're following, because it requires long-term patience and discipline. 　　　　

1999 And let's talk first, though, about the beaded gown. We were talking about it on the show earlier. It's right behind us here. You can see it spinning slowly. It's a magnificent gown, the one that Meredith wore to sing "Happy Birthday" to President Kennedy back in 1962. 　　　　

2000 It was the cat's distress that had woken her. But Ben was asleep. It was how a dog lays itself down, close, for company, and her heart ached, knowing his loneliness. In the morning he woke embarrassed. He seemed to think he had done wrong, but she said, "It's all right, Ben. There's plenty of room. "It was a big bed, the one she had had when she was married. 　　　　

2001 To develop mammary glands, extra OPGL is released during pregnancy. Without extra OPGL, women can't feed their babies. In a Darwinian world, the one we live in, it's all about survival. 　　　　

2003 The third and last asteroid on Sam's list was a metallic beauty, the one that some Latin American sculptress had carved into a monumental history of her Native American people; she called it "The Rememberer. " 　　　　

2003 Mallow stepped inside the barn. The sky to the east was pinking, ending the longest night of Valentine's young life. He nodded to his waiting Wolves and they roused the sleepy farmers and began checking pockets and packs. They had barely begun when the guilty party revealed himself. A sixteen-year-old boy, the one whose mother was bitten last night, bolted for the gaping south doors. 　　

2004 The Siltook nodded stiffly to Gwendolyn. "Good afternoon, Mrs. O'Malley. Your husband and I were just discussing our imminent departure from this planet. "Out of the corner of his eye, Liam saw her eyes widen, but she said nothing. The Siltook held up a dirty finger, the one he'd used to crush the dirt clod. "You are breaking the soil. This is what a farmer does, prior to planting seed, yes? "Liam nodded. "Yes. I had intended to plant beans here." "And for that, you need a shovel. The shovel is a tool, yes? " 　　　　

　2005 In　 Venezuela, you really had a collapse of traditional parties and the emergence of a different force, the one that was led by Chavez, with strong, strong majority support. 　　　　

2008 Only the bulb on the ceiling lit the room, the room that used to shelter only me. Water dripped from the ceiling, sagging at its center. On the damp walls above my head hung a dull cross, the one my poor Nadja had placed there. Beside it was a calendar dated April 13. It hadn't changed for months, since I last saw her. 　　　　

2009 Elv was wearing the darkest of the dresses, a deep sapphire, the one her sisters coveted. 　　　　

2. BUY-BNC BRTISH NATIONAL CORPUS (UK,1980s-1993) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/：　　　　

The ladder is broken; it has rusted through because I left it out in the rain. The nearest one is in the next townland and my bicycle has a puncture. I walk there and back between squalls, the long ladder on my shoulder getting heavier with every step. Then down the lane to borrow a slating ladder, the one that hooks over the roof ridge. My neighbour is delighted.' You're one of us now! When the day is fine the roof doesn't need mending; when it's raining it's not the right weather do to it!' 　　　　

I gave him a simple answer, the one that eventually became officially accepted. 　　　　

It is your garden; you do the work and make the decision according to your judgement. You can never experience the real satisfaction of growing roses well by following a list of step-by-step instructions. As with planting, so with pruning: hundreds of books, millions of words, lots of diagrams and illustrations, and still the questions come! So, we will tackle pruning in a different way, one that takes the mystery out of it. 　　　　

There was a silver cigarette lighter in the desk drawer, he remembered, rarely used now that he'd almost given up. And a gold-plated pen, the one he had once used for signing autographs, a memento of the good days. 　　　　

Not surprisingly, the Milanese were impressed by the miracle and over the years their offerings to the Madonna amounted to enough money to build a new church, the one that Bramante designed. 　　　　

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